Fabricating New Miniaturized Biosensors for the Detection of Dna Damage and Dna Mismatches

A large number of genetic diseases and genetic disorders are simply caused by base alterations in the genome. Therefore, developing efficient and cost effective techniques for routine detection of these alterations is of great importance. Different methods involving gel electrophoresis and Polymerase Chain Reaction have been widely employed, but majority of these methods are costly, time consuming, and lack throughput, creating a fundamental gap between the current state-of-the-art and desired characteristics of low-cost, high-speed, simplicity, versatility, and potential for miniaturization. In this study, we attempt to bridge this gap by developing new sensing platforms to detect DNA base mismatches and DNA damage with higher throughput, better ease-of-use, and with the potential to be miniaturized for greater portability. Two electrochemical mismatch detection sensing platforms were developed. One uses the electrochemical reduction of trans-4-cinnamic acid diazonium tetrafluoroborate. The other takes advantage of the natural ability of MutS protein for single base mismatch recognition. Also, two DNA damage detection assays were developed and the first approach uses Atomic Force Microscopy to monitor minor DNA damage by labeling damaged sites with a biomarker. This site-specific biolabeling was achieved through well-established biotin-streptavidin chemistry. In the second approach, a new layer-by-layer biomolecular immobilization method was introduced and used to detect DNA chemical damage using electrochemical technique

Fabricating New Miniaturized Biosensors for the Detection of Dna Damage and Dna Mismatches

A large number of genetic diseases and genetic disorders are simply caused by base alterations in the genome. Therefore, developing efficient and cost effective techniques for routine detection of these alterations is of great importance. Different methods involving gel electrophoresis and Polymerase Chain Reaction have been widely employed, but majority of these methods are costly, time consuming, and lack throughput, creating a fundamental gap between the current state-of-the-art and desired characteristics of low-cost, high-speed, simplicity, versatility, and potential for miniaturization. In this study, we attempt to bridge this gap by developing new sensing platforms to detect DNA base mismatches and DNA damage with higher throughput, better ease-of-use, and with the potential to be miniaturized for greater portability. Two electrochemical mismatch detection sensing platforms were developed. One uses the electrochemical reduction of trans-4-cinnamic acid diazonium tetrafluoroborate. The other takes advantage of the natural ability of MutS protein for single base mismatch recognition. Also, two DNA damage detection assays were developed and the first approach uses Atomic Force Microscopy to monitor minor DNA damage by labeling damaged sites with a biomarker. This site-specific biolabeling was achieved through well-established biotin-streptavidin chemistry. In the second approach, a new layer-by-layer biomolecular immobilization method was introduced and used to detect DNA chemical damage using electrochemical technique

Github application programme interface and wordnet for code reuse

It is clear that code reuse is important task in software development and maintenance. As a lot of software application and source code have been used as libraries in version control systems, such that Git, SVN, LibreSource and related web sites, such that GitHub.com, sourceforge.net, projectsgeek.com, Googlecode.com, more and more companies, especially Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), are reusing open source code to develop their own software. The problem in code reuse is, after download all relevant code, we need to identify most relevant code among pool of code. In this paper we use keyword search with n-gram NLP technique using GitHub Application Program Interface (API). Before search the source code, we retrieve all Repository name in GitHub belongs to particular programing language (JAVA, C++, etc.), as well as we retrieve all .java file name if we search java libraries using GitHub API. Then compare our keyword with this list, if the keyword extracted from Software architecture is connected word, then we will split using Apache Camel Splitter. If the particular keyword related to any project, we download the project. Otherwise using WordNet, get some synonym and do the above process again. For further relevancy, we will use a speech recognition technique (Dynamic Time Warping (DTW)) and a NLP technique (Part of Speech Tagging (POS)). Because of this is a part of the whole research, in this paper we will consider only GitHub API

Optimized Strategy in Cloud-Native Environment for Inter-Service Communication in Microservices

Cloud computing has become a prominent technology in the software development industry. The term “cloud-native” is derived from cloud computing technologies and refers to the development and deployment of applications in a cloud environment. In the software industry, most enterprise-grade software buildings use the microservice architecture and cloud natively, ultimately leading to an expansive development in the software development framework. Microservices are deployed in a distributed environment and function as independent services. However, they need to communicate with each other in order to fulfill the functional requirement. Additional latency will be introduced when communicating with other services. Hence, it will impact the overall application response time and throughput. This research proposes a solution for the aforementioned problem in the cloud-native environment. A Request-response-based TCP communication solution has been developed and tested in the cloud-native, containerized environment. Experimental results showed that the turnaround time of the proposed solution is shorter than that of traditional HTTP communication methods. Furthermore, the results summarize that both vertical and horizontal scaling are improving the overall performance of the systems performance in terms of response time. Conclusively, the proposed solution improved the microservice performance and preserved the existing cloud-native qualities, such as scalability, maintainability, and portability

Eliminating Absorbing Interference Using The H-point Standard Addition Method: Case of Griess Assay in The Presence of Interferent Heme Enzymes Such As NOS

Standard calibration methods used to determine trace analytes usually yield significant deviations from the actual analyte value in the presence of interferents in the assay media. These deviations become of particular concern when the concentration of the analyte is low, and when the results are used to draw mechanistic or kinetic conclusions, for instance in enzyme structure-function studies. In these circumstances, the H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) provides superior precision and accuracy. This method is developed here for the case of the spectrophotometric Griess assay used to determine nitrite in various enzymology investigations, such as nitrite determination in studies of nitrite reductases (NiR), or when determining nitrite as a breakdown product of nitric oxide synthesized by NOS enzymes. The results obtained by HPSAM are contrasted with those of the traditional calibration method

Impact of Poor Requirement Engineering in Software Outsourcing: A Study on Software Developers’ Experience

The software Requirement Engineering (RE) is one of the most important and fundamental activities in the software life cycle. With the introduction of different software process paradigms, the Requirement Engineering appeared in different facets, yet remaining its significance without a doubt. The software development outsourcing is considered as a win-win situation for both developed and developing countries. High numbers of low paid, yet talented workforce in developing countries could be employed for software outsourcing projects with the demanding power of the outsourcer to decide the projects, their scope and priorities with the intention of profit maximization. This study was conducted to analyze the impact of poor Requirement Engineering in outsourced software projects from the developers’ context (sample size n = 57). It was identified that the present outsourcing scenario has created to have frequent requirement changes, shrunk design and stretched development phases, and frequent deliverables, which have to be accommodated by the software developer with extra effort and commitment beyond the project norms. The results reveal important issues and open policy level discussions while questioning our insights on the outsourcing benefits as a whole

Availability legibility and adequacy of diagnosis as entered in bed head ticket in a base hospital Sri Lanka: a descriptive cross-sectional study

Introduction: Hospital information storage is done through an internationally accepted coding system. It is very important to have an accurate diagnosis for proper coding. Ministry of Health has issued a circular (No-01-05/99) for the documentation of Bed Head Ticket (BHT) including writing the correct diagnosis.  Objective: To assess the availability, legibility, and adequacy of diagnosis as entered in the BHTs of selected wards in a base hospital in Sri Lanka. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess availability, legibility, and adequacy of diagnosis as entered in 384 BHTs of selected wards in a Base Hospital in Sri Lanka. A data Extraction sheet (DES) was used as a study instrument.  Results: Out of 384 BHTs diagnosis were not available in 12 (3.13%) BHTs and diagnosis were illegible in 36(6.99%) BHTs. In 244(67.59%) BHTs diagnosis were written as abbreviations. Only in136(37.46%) BHTs, diagnosis were written in block capital letters. Conclusion and recommendation: Documentation diagnosis in the BHTs is not according to the standards. Therefore, medical administrators, policymakers, and clinicians should take urgent actions to improve documentation diagnosis in BHTs